Definition and purpose
A parking occupancy study records the number or proportion of eligible spaces occupied at defined observation times. Depending on scope, it can also record entries, exits, turnover and duration.
Use it to understand parking demand, utilisation and operational patterns in a stated area.
Required inputs
- Parking boundary and bay inventory
- Eligible-space definition
- Observation windows and intervals
- Turnover/duration requirements
- Handling rules for inaccessible or reserved bays
Video and camera considerations
If video is used, bays must be distinguishable and the view must remain stable across the observation period. Site access may be better suited to field observation.
Observation, classification and intervals
Observation process
Establish the parking inventory, then record occupancy at each agreed sweep or interval. Keep public, staff, loading and reserved areas separate if the brief requires it.
Movement and classification process
Classify spaces or vehicle types only where the agreed scope supports it; do not infer dwell time from a single occupancy snapshot.
Time intervals
A sweep interval should be chosen around the question: frequent sweeps reveal change; wider intervals give a broad occupancy profile.
Validation and QA/QC
Reconcile recorded occupied spaces to the defined inventory and note closures, construction, blocked bays or unobservable spaces.
Common problems and limitations
- A changing inventory distorts occupancy rates.
- Poorly marked bays create inconsistent counts.
- A vehicle can be mistaken as stationary when circulation is blocked.
Observed occupancy is not a demand forecast, and duration analysis needs a method that can track vehicles lawfully and reliably.
Typical deliverables
- Occupancy by interval or sweep
- Inventory and boundary note
- Turnover/duration outputs where scoped
- Exceptions and QA notes
Illustrative output format
Illustrative sample data only — not a project result or benchmark.
| Time | Eligible spaces | Occupied | Occupancy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Illustrative 10:00 | 80 | 54 | 67.5% |
Frequently asked questions
Does occupancy include restricted bays?
Only if the agreed inventory says it does.
Can parking turnover be included?
Yes, when the observation method and scope support it.