Traffic Surveys
What Is a Traffic Count?
How traffic counts turn observed road activity into usable evidence.
By SWAT Alliance Editorial Team · Updated 25 August 2026
Insight at a glance
A short visual checklist for better study decisions.
Use the article as a starting point, then confirm the project-specific scope, method, review and output with the delivery team.
Question
What decision should this evidence help someone make?
Scope
Which locations, movements, classes and periods matter?
Review
How will completeness and definitions be checked?
Output
What format will make the result easiest to use?
Short answer
A traffic count is a structured record of road users at a defined place and time, produced against an agreed observation rule and reporting interval.
The question comes first
A count can describe directional flow, movements, vehicle classes, pedestrians, bicycles or queues. The decision it supports determines which of these need to be observed.
A count is more than a total
Location, date, time zone, interval, direction, class scheme and source method give a number its meaning. Without them, a total cannot be reliably compared or used.
Reviewable delivery
A usable dataset includes the agreed tables plus scope, source and exception notes so project teams can understand what was actually observed.
Frequently asked questions
How long should a traffic count run?
The period follows the project question, expected patterns and any applicable project requirements.
Can a count include active travel?
Yes. Pedestrian and bicycle rules should be stated separately from vehicle rules.
Go deeper
Traffic Data Validation & Quality Control Methodology
A documented review framework for traffic data before it is delivered or relied upon.
View Methodology →Related services